Python offers a variety of operators to manipulate data and control program flow. Here's a comprehensive overview:
Arithmetic Operators
Used for performing basic mathematical operations.
- +: Addition
- -: Subtraction
- *: Multiplication
- /: Division
- //: Floor division (returns integer quotient)
- %: Modulus (returns remainder)
- **: Exponentiation
Comparison (Relational) Operators
Used to compare values and return Boolean results (True or False).
- ==: Equal to
- !=: Not equal to
- >: Greater than
- <: Less than
- >=: Greater than or equal to
- <=: Less than or equal to
Assignment Operators
Used to assign values to variables.
- =: Simple assignment
- +=: Add and assign
- -=: Subtract and assign
- *=: Multiply and assign
- /=: Divide and assign
- //=: Floor divide and assign
- %=: Modulus and assign
- **=: Exponentiate
and assign - &=: Bitwise AND and assign
- |=: Bitwise OR and assign
- ^=: Bitwise XOR and assign
- >>: Bitwise right shift and assign
- <<: Bitwise left shift and assign
Logical Operators
Used to combine conditional statements.
- and: Returns True if both operands are True
- or: Returns True if at least one operand is True
- not: Reverses the logical state of its operand
Bitwise Operators
Operate on individual bits of their operands.
- &: Bitwise AND
- |: Bitwise OR
- ^: Bitwise XOR
- ~: Bitwise NOT
- <<: Left shift
- >>: Right shift
Membership Operators
Used to check for membership in sequences (lists, tuples, strings, sets, dictionaries).
- in: Returns True if a value is present in a sequence
- not in: Returns True if a value is not present in a sequence
Identity Operators
Used to compare object identities (memory locations).
- is: Returns True if two variables refer to the same object
- is not: Returns True if two variables refer to different objects
Ternary Operator (Conditional Expression)
A concise way to write conditional statements.
Python
value_if_true if condition else value_if_false