1.5 Python Operators: The Building Blocks of Your Code

Introduction

• What are operators?
  • Special symbols or keywords that perform specific operations on values.
  • Essential for manipulating data and making decisions.
  • Types: arithmetic, comparison, logical, assignment, bitwise, identity, membership, and ternary.

Arithmetic Operators

• Used for performing mathematical calculations.
  • +: Addition (e.g., x + y)
  • -: Subtraction (e.g., x - y)
  • *: Multiplication (e.g., x * y)
  • /: Division (e.g., x / y)
  • //: Floor division (returns integer quotient) (e.g., x // y)
  • %: Modulus (returns remainder) (e.g., x % y)
  • **: Exponentiation (e.g., x ** y)

Logical Operators

• Used to combine conditional statements.
  • and: Returns True if both operands are True (e.g., x > 5 and y < 10)
  • or: Returns True if at least one operand is True (e.g., x > 5 or y < 10)
  • not: Reverses the logical state of its operand (e.g., not(x > 5))

Detailed Explanation: Logical Operators

• and operator:
  • Evaluates both operands.
  • Returns True only if both operands are True.
  • Example:
    Python

    x = 10
    y = 5
    if x > 5 and y < 10:
        print("Both conditions are True")
    

    
    
• or operator:
  • Evaluates both operands.
  • Returns True if at least one operand is True.
  • Example:
    Python

    x = 10
    y = 2
    if x > 5 or y > 5:
        print("At least one condition is True")
    

    
    
• not operator:
  • Inverts the logical state of its operand.
  • Returns True if the operand is False, and vice versa.
  • Example:
    Python

    x = 5
    if not(x > 10):
        print("x is not greater than 10")